脉冲激光偏振特性用于目标的探测识别

针对光电探测时仅用强度来处理信息的局限性,通过理论分析,提出一种利用脉冲激光反射、散射偏振态时间、空间相关检测的方法,可以克服由于强度差过小带来的目标检测上的困难.利用分析结论,通过计算偏振分布密度函数(Stokes矢量的概率密度函数),进一步讨论了偏振传递函数的特性,用于识别目标,并给出了计算实例.     

小波重构与局部DCT的二维主元分析掌纹识别

为了解决掌纹特征提取过程中,手掌的非平面问题导致的伪主线噪音信息并简化运算,对重构的掌纹图像进行了局部离散余弦变换.解决了重构后图像噪音敏感性问题,有效地区分了掌纹主线、掌纹褶纹和乳突纹.由二维主元分析算法获得较稳健的识别特征.通过香港理工大学公布的PolyU掌纹数据库的实验,同二维主元分析算法相比,小波重构与局部离散余弦变换的2DPCA掌纹识别算法正确识别率较高,识别效率较高.     

Impact parameter and beam energy dependence for azimuthal asymmetry of direct photons and free protons in intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions

Hard photon emitted from energetic heavy ion collisions is of very interesting since it does not experience the late-stage nuclear interaction, therefore it is useful to explore the early-stage information of matter phase. In this work, we have calculated the impact parameter and beam energy dependence for azimuthal asymmetry, characterized by directed transverse flow parameter F and elliptic asymmetry coefficient v₂, of direct photons and the corresponding free protons in intermediate energy heavy-ion collisions. It is further shown the anti-correlated azimuthal asymmetry between direct photons and free protons.     

Measuring physical parameters with surface plasmon resonance heterodyne interferometry

If the incident angle of a light beam on the boundary surface between the thin metal film of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) apparatus and a test medium is equal to or very near the resonant angle, then the phase difference between the p- and s-polarizations of the reflected light is related to the associated physical parameter. The phase difference can be measured accurately with heterodyne interferometry. If the relationship between the phase difference and the associated physical parameter is specified, then the associated physical parameter can be estimated from the phase difference data. This method has the benefits of both common-path interferometry and heterodyne interferometry, such as simple structure, high stability, high resolution, easy operation, and rapid real-time measurement.     

Bianchi Type V Cosmological Models with Constant Deceleration Parameter in General Relativity

We investigate Bianchi type V cosmological models with bulk viscous fluid source. Exact solutions of the Einstein field equations are presented via a suitable power law assumption for the Hubble parameter. We show that the corresponding solutions retain the well established features of the standard cosmology and in addition, are in accordance with recent type Ia supernovae observations. Some observational parameters for the models have also been discussed.     

Practical improvements to real and imaginary spectral based modal parameter measurements of SDOF systems

For a single degree of freedom system, especially with non-light damping, the use of the real spectral part of either the displacement or velocity responses (or the transfer functions based on them) has the advantages of determining the natural frequency (f_n) directly, independent of the response parameter, and providing an accurate measurement for damping (ζ). However, this method is sensitive to spectral phase errors due to temporal misalignment of the signal or due to net inter-channel delay differences caused by signal filtering. Two techniques are presented to correct for these errors; one based on the correct temporal alignment of the impulsive part, and the other on the infimum of the imaginary spectral part. These are first demonstrated using a numerical model, and are shown to facilitate the correct measurement of f_n and bring ζ within the expected error limits due to quantisation. Secondly, they are applied to an experimental system and are seen to greatly improve the consistency between measurements using different methods.     

Speckle suppression and contrast enhancement in reconstruction of freehand 3D ultrasound images using an adaptive distance-weighted method

In three-dimensional (3D) freehand ultrasound (US), reconstructing a set of B-scans into a regular voxel array is the key procedure for consequent visualization and analysis. This paper presents a new adaptive interpolation algorithm for computing the voxel array to suppress speckle noises and enhance contrast. The local statistics of homogeneous regions including mean and variance were measured and the ratio of variance to mean was used as homogeneity criteria. For the computation of each voxel, the interpolation method was adaptively determined with respect to its local statistics. If the neighbouring pixels of a voxel satisfied the homogeneity criterion, its value was computed with an arithmetic mean filter. Otherwise, the voxel was probably locating in an inhomogeneous region and an adaptive distance-weighted (ADW) interpolation method was employed to compute its value. A resolution phantom and a subject’s forearm were reconstructed using the proposed algorithm and two other well-known methods - conventional distance-weighted (DW) and voxel nearest neighbourhood (VNN) interpolations. The comparison results demonstrated that the adaptive interpolation algorithm was able to suppress speckles, preserve edges and enhance contrast effectively for the volume reconstruction.     

Scenario of Inflationary Cosmology from the Phenomenological Λ Models

Choosing the three phenomenological models of the dynamical cosmological term Λ, viz., , and Λ∼ρ where a is the cosmic scale factor, it has been shown by the method of numerical analysis for the considered non-linear differential equations that the three models are equivalent for the flat Universe k=0 and for arbitrary non-linear equation of state. The evolution plots for dynamical cosmological term Λ vs. time t and also the cosmic scale factor a vs. t are drawn here for k=0,+1. A qualitative analysis has been made from the plots which supports the idea of inflation and hence expanding Universe.     

Role of Modified Chaplygin Gas in Bianchi Type-I Universe

We have studied the evolution of a homogeneous, anisotropic universe given by a Bianchi type-I cosmological model with modified Chaplygin gas. We have assumed that the equation of state of this modified model is valid from the radiation era to the ΛCMD model. We have used state-finder parameters in characterizing different phase of the model.     

Viscous Fluid Cosmology in Bianchi Type-I Space-Time

The paper presents a spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type-I cosmological model consisting of a dissipative fluid. The field equations are solved explicitly by using a law of variation for mean Hubble parameter, which is related to average scale factor and yields a constant value for deceleration parameter. We find that the constant value of deceleration parameter describes the different phases of the evolution of universe. A barotropic equation of state (p=γ ρ) together with a linear relation between shear viscosity and expansion scalar, is assumed. It is found that the viscosity plays a key role in the process of the isotropization of the universe. The presence of viscous term does not change the fundamental nature of initial singularity. The thermodynamical properties of the solutions are studied and the entropy distribution is also given explicitly.